Dore icyo siyanse ivuga ku mubare w’ubucuti bwa hafi dukwiye kugira.
Ubushakashatsi buvuga iki?
Niba intego yawe ari ukugabanya gusa ingaruka mbi irungu rishobora kugira ku buzima bwawe, icy’ingenzi ni ukugira byibuze umuntu umwe w’ingenzi mu buzima bwawe – yaba uwo mufatanyabikorwa, umubyeyi, inshuti cyangwa undi muntu, nk’uko Jeffrey Hall, a umwarimu wigisha itumanaho muri kaminuza ya Kansas.
Dr. Hall yagize ati: “Kujya kuri zeru ujya kuri imwe niho tubona amafaranga menshi ku mafranga yawe.” Ati: “Ariko niba ushaka kugira ubuzima bufite intego, aho wumva ko ufitanye isano kandi uhuza abandi, inshuti nyinshi ni nziza.”
Igitekerezo kizwi cyane cyerekana umubare w’inshuti abantu bashobora (nubwo atari ngombwa ko bakagombye) guturuka kumitekerereze ya psychologiya yo mubwongereza hamwe na antropropologue Robin Dunbar. Ibimaze kumenyekana nkumubare wa Dunbar uvuga ko abantu bashoboye gusa kumenya ubushobozi bwo gukomeza amasano agera kuri 150 icyarimwe (ubushakashatsi bwakurikiyeho bwashyize umubare hejuru). Ibyo birimo uruziga rwimbere rwinshuti zigera kuri eshanu, zikurikirwa nuruziga runini rwubwoko busanzwe bwinshuti.
Ibindi bigereranyo biri mumupira usa. Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwakozwe mu mwaka wa 2016 bwagaragaje ko abantu bafite inshuti esheshatu cyangwa zirenga bazamuye ubuzima bwabo mu mibereho yabo, mu gihe ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu mwaka wa 2020 na Suzanne Degges-White, umwarimu akaba n’umuyobozi w’ishami ry’ubujyanama n’amashuri makuru muri kaminuza ya Illinois y’Amajyaruguru, bwerekanye ko abagore bageze mu zabukuru bo yagize inshuti eshatu cyangwa nyinshi zikunda kugira urwego rwo hejuru rwo kunyurwa mubuzima muri rusange.
Ibyo bigereranyo bisa nkaho bikurikirana nuburyo abantu bumva inshuti bagomba kurasa. Dr. Degges-White aherutse gukora ubushakashatsi ku bantu bakuze 297, butarasohoka cyangwa ngo busuzumwe n’urungano ariko yasanze 55 ku ijana by’abitabiriye amahugurwa bemeza ko inshuti magara ebyiri cyangwa eshatu ari nziza, mu gihe 31 ku ijana batekerezaga ko bane kugeza kuri batandatu ari yo ntego.
Ariko ibi byose birashobora kuba ingorabahizi kubyiga, kubera ko ubucuti nubucuti bifitanye isano, kandi ntabashakashatsi benshi bakoresha basangiye gusobanura ibyo bitekerezo mubushakashatsi. Kwegera birashobora kuba byoroshye. Dr. Degges-White yavuze ko ku rugero runaka ari ikibazo cya: “Mu mutima wawe, uzi itandukaniro.”
Ntibisobanutse kandi uburyo imbuga nkoranyambaga muri ibi byose, kuko ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko ingano y’urusobe rw’umuntu ku rubuga rwa interineti idashobora kugira ingaruka zifatika ku mibereho yabo ibona. Mugihe ubucuti bwinshi bwagiye bugabanuka mugihe cyicyorezo, abantu benshi babonye umurongo kumurongo.
Nigute ushobora kumenya niba ukeneye inshuti nyinshi?
Mugihe ubushakashatsi bwubucuti butanga ibipimo bimwe na bimwe, birashobora kuba ingirakamaro kuri benshi muri twe gukora gusa ubushakashatsi buke. Marisa Franco, umuhanga mu by’imitekerereze ya muntu akaba n’umwanditsi w’igitabo kiri hafi gusohoka “Platonike: Nigute Ubumenyi bw’umugereka bushobora kugufasha gukora – no gukomeza – Inshuti,” atanga inama yo guhera ku kibazo kigaragara ariko gikomeye: Numva mfite irungu?
Dr. Franco yagize ati: “Irungu ni ikimenyetso cyangwa uburyo bwo gutabaza.” Buriwese yumva afite irungu rimwe na rimwe, ariko iki nikibazo cyimbitse kijyanye no guhora wumva ko uri wenyine cyangwa uri wenyine. Ubushakashatsi bumwe buherutse gukorwa bwagaragaje ko Abanyamerika bagera kuri batatu bagize “irungu rikomeye” mu gihe cy’icyorezo.
Dr. Franco yavuze ko bifasha kandi kwibaza niba hari ibice bigize umwirondoro wawe wumva ko bibujijwe.
“Abantu batandukanye bazana ibice bitandukanye byacu. Iyo rero ufite itsinda rinini ryinshuti, urashobora kwibonera uruhande rwawe rukunda golf, kandi uruhande rwawe rukunda imodoka, kandi uruhande rwawe rukunda indabyo “. Yongeyeho ati: “Niba wumva umwirondoro wawe wagabanutse, cyangwa ukaba utumva umeze nkawe, ibyo bishobora kwerekana ko ukeneye inshuti zitandukanye.”
Nibyo, gushaka inshuti mukuze ntabwo buri gihe byoroshye. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko abantu bahanganye nabyo kuko bibagora kwizera abantu bashya, kandi kubera ko bafatanye igihe. Dr. Franco yavuze ko kubera izo mpamvu, akenshi byoroshye gutangirana no kongera kubyutsa umubano ushaje. Fata ingamba kandi ntukibwire ko ubucuti bubaho gusa, Ariko ushishoze. Kumarana umwanya n’inshuti wumva bidasobanutse – kuko ntabwo byizewe, binegura, birushanwe cyangwa nimwe mumpamvu nyinshi abantu binjira munsi yuruhu rwacu – birashobora kuba bibi kubuzima bwawe.
Igihe umarana ninshuti zawe gifite akamaro, nacyo. Ubushakashatsi bwa Dr. Hall bwerekana ko ugereranije, ubucuti bwa hafi cyane bukunda gufata amasaha agera kuri 200 kugirango utere imbere. Umubare nubwiza bijyana.
Kumutima unaniwe nkanjye, imbaraga zisaba amajwi gusa. Ku bw’amahirwe, Dr. Hall yongeyeho ko kubona inshuti eshatu kugeza kuri esheshatu “atari umubare w’amarozi” kuri buri wese. Ati: “Imiterere yawe n’ibiranga ubuzima bwawe bigiye kugira icyo bihindura”.
Birashoboka rero ko umugabo wanjye afite ukuri – mugihe ntagitwarwa numunaniro wibyorezo no kurera abana, nshobora kwikubita agashyi kubera ko ntakoze byinshi kugirango nubake itsinda ryinshuti. Ariko nabonye umwanya wo kuzana numero zanjye.
